Quarterbacks need receivers to target, and receivers need quarterbacks to throw the ball near them.
It's not uncommon, though, to hear that Quarterback X struggled because he doesn't have playmakers, or that a stellar receiver would be even better if he had a better quarterback (cough, cough Philip J. Fry and ask, "Well, why is...those things?
A good example rests at the top of the list: Calvin Johnson's 2012. Johnson's Reception NEP (162.56) is the highest mark in the past 10 years. The team's Adjusted Passing NEP (104.15) ranked eighth in 2012, so the top Reception NEP score came from a top-10 passing offense -- but far from an elite one.
Similarly, Larry Fitzgerald has long been plagued by bad quarterback play, but he has two top-10 Reception NEP finishes in years with passing attacks at or worse than 22nd (2010 and 2011). Josh Gordon in 2013 had the 13th-best Reception NEP (138.64) in the group despite the Browns' Adjusted Passing NEP of -29.92.
Conclusions
There are a few takeaways that I think we can reasonably conclude.
Notably, Adjusted NEP was more strongly correlated with the top 50 Reception NEP scores than with the top half or the whole group, and efficient rushing attacks (Adjusted Rushing NEP and Adjusted Rushing NEP per play) were also most strongly correlated with top-50 seasons. So, the most productive receivers come from good offenses.
However, those top 50 don't necessarily come specifically from elite passing offenses. The top 50 and the whole group both had a correlation of 0.31 with Adjusted Passing NEP per play). Even with tertiary options on great passing offenses taken out of the equation -- for example, Wes Welker and his 81.03 Reception NEP in 2013 alongside Denver's Adjusted Passing NEP of 251.54 -- the best passing teams don't always generate the best receivers (i.e. those with the highest Reception NEP scores).
Ultimately, there is undoubtedly a positive correlation between good passing and good receiving (naturally), but top-end receivers can come from good and bad passing teams alike.
It's certainly no blessing to play with a bad passing offense, but I think it's safe to say that it's not exactly a curse, either.